Keloids

Keloids are raised, thickened, and often irregularly shaped overgrowths of scar tissue that can develop at the site of a wound, surgical incision, or injury. These abnormal scars extend beyond the boundaries of the original injury and can be cosmetically bothersome or, in some cases, cause discomfort. Here's more information about keloids:

Causes:

The exact cause of keloids is not fully understood, but they often result from an overproduction of collagen during the healing process. Several factors may contribute to keloid formation, including:

1. Genetics: There is a genetic predisposition to keloid formation, and they often run in families.
2. Injury or Surgery: Any form of skin injury, including surgical incisions, burns, acne scars, or piercings, can potentially trigger keloid development.
3. Ethnicity: Keloids are more common in individuals with darker skin types, such as people of African, Asian, and Hispanic descent.
4. Hormones: Changes in hormone levels, such as those occurring during pregnancy or puberty, can contribute to keloid formation.

Characteristics:

Keloids are typically:

• Raised: They project above the skin's surface.
• Firm and Rubber-Like: They often have a tough texture.
• Discolored: Keloids can appear pink, red, brown, or darker than the surrounding skin.
• Larger Than the Original Injury: They extend beyond the boundaries of the original wound.

Treatment:

Treatment options for keloids include:

1. Steroid Injections: Injecting corticosteroids into the keloid can help reduce its size and improve its appearance.
2. Surgical Removal: Surgical excision can remove the keloid, but there is a risk of recurrence, so it is often combined with other treatments.
3. Laser Therapy: Laser treatment can help flatten and fade keloids.
4. Silicone Gel or Sheets: These are applied to the keloid to help reduce its size and redness.
5. Cryotherapy: Freezing the keloid with liquid nitrogen can help flatten it.
6. Radiation Therapy: In some cases, radiation therapy is used after keloid removal to prevent recurrence.
7. Pressure Dressings: Specialized dressings or garments can help flatten and soften the keloid.
8. Interferon Therapy: Some patients may benefit from interferon injections, which can reduce the size and discomfort of keloids.

Prevention:

Preventing keloids can be challenging, but measures to minimize skin trauma, such as proper wound care and the use of silicone gel or sheets on surgical incisions, can help reduce the risk. It's important to note that keloids are not harmful but are often a cosmetic concern. If you have a keloid that is causing discomfort or affecting your self-esteem, consult with a dermatologist or plastic surgeon to discuss the most appropriate treatment options based on your individual situation.